S.D. Burman (born
October 1, 1906, Comilla, British India [now in Bangladesh]—died October 31, 1975,
Bombay [now Mumbai], Maharashtra, India), Indian music composer who combined a
firm grounding in Indian classical music with a mastery of Bengali and
northeastern folk music to produce a body of work that had a lasting impact on
the Hindi film industry.
Burman’s father, Nabadwipchandra Dev Burman, played the
sitar and was his first music teacher. He was later taught by North Indian
classical musicians such as Badal Khan and Bhishmadev Chattopadhyay. Burman was
educated at Comilla Victoria College (B.A., 1924) and the University of
Calcutta (M.A.), in what is now Kolkata. Although he received a master’s degree
in English literature, music was a passion he could not ignore.
He began a career in radio and as a singer. His first
recording as a vocalist was a composition by Bengal’s revolutionary
poet-musician Kazi Nazrul Islam, and with it he started an association that
would last several years. Burman worked as a music director in Calcutta until
1944, when he shifted to Bombay (now Mumbai). There he quickly established
himself as an innovative film composer with an exceptional sensitivity to the
demands of the moving image. His music enhanced the power of the visuals, as,
for example, did the song “Yeh duniya agar mil bhi jaaye to kya hai” (Pyaasa),
performed on-screen by Guru Dutt. Burman did most of his work for Dev Anand’s
Navketan films (Taxi Driver, Funtoosh, Guide, Paying Guest, Jewel Thief, and
Prem Pujari), Guru Dutt’s films (Baazi, Jaal, Kaagaz ke phool), and Bimal Roy’s
productions (Devdas, Sujata, and Bandini).
Burman’s long and fruitful association with the multifaceted
playback singerKishore Kumar yielded countless musical hits. The songs in films
such as Nau do gyarah, Munimji, and Prem Pujari were major triumphs for both
composer and singer. Burman made an effortless transition to the modern era of
film music with the hugely popular Aradhana, although his first successful
experimentation with Western sounds had taken place in the late 1950s, in
Chalti ka naam gaadi. The greatest achievement of the last years of his life
was his score for Hrishikesh Mukherjee’s Abhimaan, which was closely followed
by his music for other Mukherjee films, notably Chupke chupke and Mili.
Among his many honours, Burman received the Sangeet Natak
Akademi (National Academy of Music, Dance, and Drama) award in 1958 and the
Padma Shri, one of India’s highest civilian awards, in 1969 for his
contribution to music. His name also has been attached to a number of music
awards from a variety of organizations.
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